PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.